Author: JOSÉ JORGE CARACHEO-GONZÁLEZ, MARINA MANEA, VLAD CONSTANTIN MANEA, IULIANA ARMAȘ

Abstract: Salt diapirs are geological formations that appear in the subsurface and are formed over
millions of years. Such formations occur due to the density difference between the salt and the
surrounding rock. The density difference causes the salt to penetrate throughout the strata and,
therefore, the salt rises to the surface in a process known as diapirism.
The importance of salt domes, structures that form because of diapirism, lies on the fact that due to
the impermeability of the salt and the deformation associated with the ascent of these structures, salt
domes become excellent oil traps, with important reserves. Therefore, it is important to know the
conditions that dominate the development of salt domes as well as their evolution and formation
environments.
If the subsurface is considered as a continuum and by means of the momentum equations, Newton's
second law and the heat conservation equation, in addition to an Eulerian approach to matter,
numerical models showing the evolution of salt domes can be created, and thanks to them, the
parameters that influence the formation of the domes can be calculated.
In this work it is concluded that some of the parameters that determine the formation and ascent of the
diapir are the width and height of the initial Gaussian anomaly, the viscosity of the salt, the
temperature, and the thickness of the salt layer.

Keywords: Diapirism, Prahova, Subcarpathians, Romania, Mexico..

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Author: ANDRA-COSMINA ALBULESCU

Abstract: Scientific research is of critical importance for salient decision-making aiming to reduce
flood risk, but the interwoven character of risk-related terminology and the demanding task of
operationalising concepts like hazard and vulnerability frequently hinder scientific advancement. This
paper documents the i) meaning of the terms hazard and vulnerability, and ii) operationalisation of
these concepts, in the scientific research focusing on river floods in Romania. A 4-step semi-systematic
literature review was performed, setting the time frame to 2000-2022. The literature review points out
the conceptual and operational overlapping of the flood hazard and vulnerability, as well as their
dynamics and spatial focus. Flood hazard is operationalised mostly through hydraulic modelling and
spatial analysis, while flood vulnerability is frequently assessed via index-based methodologies.
There are several studies that operationalise flood vulnerability or hazard using a methodology that
targets flood risk. Another tendency observed in the literature is to choose titles referring to one of the
flood risk components, but to formulate aims that concern the other; in certain cases only to assess
their intersection. By addressing these issues, we aim to open the way to flood hazard and/or
vulnerability assessments that properly fit the terminological and methodological paradigms.

Keywords: flood hazard, flood vulnerability, risk terminology, Romania flood.

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